Jain Narayana Temple, Pattadakal, Karnataka
Jain Narayana Temple is a Jain Temple dedicated to Jain
Theerthankar, Parsvanatha located in Pattadakal in Bagalkot District of
Karnataka, India. This temple is part of Pattadakal Group of Monuments, an UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Temple complex is
located on the west bank of the Malaprabha
River. The Jaina temple at Pattadakal was built during the 9th
century, possibly with sponsorship from the Rashtrakuta King
Krishna II or the Kalyani
Chalukyas. The monument is a protected site under Indian law and is
managed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
History
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The Temple
It is a three-storied temple with the two lower stories
still functional. The square garbhagriha houses
an image of Parsvanatha. The adjoining antarala
runs into a mandapa and
finally a beautifully pillared mukha
mandapa graces the visitor. A circumambulatory path, though with
collapsed walls, is also present. The superstructure is built in a
southern Vimana style with
a four-sided amalaka at
top. The plinth is decorated with triple mouldings.
The projections and recesses of the mandapa walls contain images of
Jina in various postures among other figures. The pillars of the porch are
partially lathe turned, and the doorway has on either side an elephant with its
rider. A large figure of Makara (crocodile) in florid detail marks the entrance
to the garbha griha.
Unlike the other temples in the Pattadakal complex, the Jain
Narayana temple lacks Hindu deities and intricate panels of the other nine, but
instead has a statue of a Jina carved into the north
side kapota eave. Like the Hindu temples, this temple also features a
square sanctum, a circumambulatory path, an antechamber, a mandapa and a porch.
The mandapa is
divided into seven bays at the north and south walls, with narrow niches
containing seated Jinas.
The bays are in the North Indian style, and the tower
storey has a carved square shikhara. The mandapa has a row of lathe-turned sand
stone pillars. The kakshasana are decorated with the figures of dancers,
purna-ghata, nidhis, vyalas but some of the artwork is only partially finished.
The entrance features carvings of a life-sized elephant torso with riders. The
niches of this Jain temple mandapa may have previously featured images.
The Archaeological Survey of India has conducted excavations
at the site yielding evidence of an older temple and Jaina presence. According
to the ASI, the excavations uncovered "the remains of a large temple
complex built in bricks and also a beautiful sculpture of Tirthankara standing
in sama-bhanga indicating the existence of a temple, probably belonging to the
pre or beginning of the early Chalukya rule".
Connectivity
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Location
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