Pattadakal Group of Monuments, Karnataka
Pattadakal Group of Monuments is a major Temple Complex,
located in Pattadakal in Bagalkot District of Karnataka, India. Pattadakal is also
called as Pattadakallu or Raktapura. It is a complex of 7th
and 8th century CE Hindu and Jain temples
in northern Karnataka . This complex is on the left
bank (west bank) of the Malaprabha River which runs further north to meet the
river Krishna. The
Chalukyas of Badami (ancient Vatapi) or Early Chalukyas (543-753 CE) built a
large complex of temples for royal commemoration and coronation in Pattadakal.
Pattadakal is a testament to the architectural prowess of the Chalukya
dynasty.
The city was earlier called Pattada Kisuvolal, which
translates to ‘City of Crown Rubies’. There are ten major temples at
Pattadakal, nine Hindu and one Jain, along with numerous small shrines
and plinths.
Eight of the major temples are clustered together, a ninth one about half a
kilometer south of this cluster, and the tenth, a Jain temple, located about a
kilometer to the west of the main cluster. The Jain temple is only dedicated to
a single Jina.
The Hindu temples are all connected by a walkway, while
the Jain temple has road access. The most sophisticated temples, with complex
friezes and a fusion of Northern and Southern styles, are found in the
Papanatha and Virupaksha temples. The Virupaksha temple is an active house of
Hindu worship. Four temples are constructed in the traditional Dravidian style
of architecture, with another 4 temples containing elements of Nagara
architecture. The remaining two temples are a confluence of both architectural
styles.
The Hindu temples are generally dedicated to Shiva, but
elements of Vaishnavism and Shaktism
theology and legends are also featured. The friezes in the Hindu temples
display various Vedic and Puranic concepts, depict stories from the Ramayana,
the Mahabharata,
the Bhagavata Purana, as well as elements of
other Hindu texts, such as the Panchatantra
and the Kiratarjuniya.
It is one of UNESCO World Heritage site. It was accorded World
Heritage Status by UNESCO in 1987. UNESCO has described Pattadakal as "a
harmonious blend of architectural forms from northern and southern India"
and an illustration of "eclectic art" at its height. The
monument is a protected site under Indian law and is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
History
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Temple Complex
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Inscriptions
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Significance
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Connectivity
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Location
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