Sun Temple, Modhera – History
The
Sun Temple was built during the reign of Bhima
I of Chaulukya
dynasty (1022–1064 CE). The Kingdom of Bhima I was invaded by Mahmud
of Ghazni during 1026 CE. The Kunda with
its corner shrines was built earlier at the beginning of the 11th century
CE based on the stylistic ground. Bhima fled his capital Anahilapataka.
He took shelter in Kanthkot, allowing Mahmud to enter the
Chaulukya capital unopposed.
Mahmud's
sudden invasion, coupled with the lack of any fortifications in Anahilapataka,
may have forced Bhima to abandon his capital. Other residents of the city also
appear to have evacuated it, as the Muslim historians do not mention any
massacre or looting in the Chaulukya capital. Mahmud rested at Anahilapataka
for a few days, replenished his supplies, and then left for Somnath.
A
relatively small force of 20,000 soldiers unsuccessfully tried to check
Mahmud's advance at Modhera. The
Sun Temple might have been built to commemorate this defense. The
temple was attacked and damaged by Mahmud Ghazni. There is an
inscription dated to Vikram Samvat 1083 (1026 – 1027 CE)
on a block in western wall of the sanctum. As the inscription is upside down,
it evidences the destruction and reconstruction of the sanctum.
The
inscription is rather considered as the date of destruction by Ghazni instead
of the construction. Bhima I wrested back the control of his
kingdom immediately after the departure of Mahmud Ghazni. The
temple proper, the miniature and niche shrines in the tank were built
shortly after 1026 CE. The dancing hall was added much later in the third
quarter of the 12th century along with the gateways, the porch of
the temple proper & the doorframes of the temple and the sanctum during the
reign of the Karna.
The
temple is built
approximately near Tropic of Cancer. The place was later
known as Sita ni Chauri and Ramkund locally. No
worship is offered here now. The
temple is the Monument of National Importance and
is maintained by the Archeological Survey of India.
It was built after 1026-27 CE during the reign of Bhima
I of the Chaulukya
dynasty. No worship is offered now and is protected monument
maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.
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