Friday, February 1, 2019

Pattadakal Group of Monuments, Karnataka

Pattadakal Group of Monuments, Karnataka
Pattadakal Group of Monuments is a major Temple Complex, located in Pattadakal in Bagalkot District of Karnataka, India. Pattadakal is also called as Pattadakallu or Raktapura. It is a complex of 7th and 8th century CE Hindu and Jain temples in northern Karnataka . This complex is on the left bank (west bank) of the Malaprabha River which runs further north to meet the river Krishna. The Chalukyas of Badami (ancient Vatapi) or Early Chalukyas (543-753 CE) built a large complex of temples for royal commemoration and coronation in Pattadakal. Pattadakal is a testament to the architectural prowess of the Chalukya dynasty.



The city was earlier called Pattada Kisuvolal, which translates to ‘City of Crown Rubies’. There are ten major temples at Pattadakal, nine Hindu and one Jain, along with numerous small shrines and plinths. Eight of the major temples are clustered together, a ninth one about half a kilometer south of this cluster, and the tenth, a Jain temple, located about a kilometer to the west of the main cluster. The Jain temple is only dedicated to a single Jina.



The Hindu temples are all connected by a walkway, while the Jain temple has road access. The most sophisticated temples, with complex friezes and a fusion of Northern and Southern styles, are found in the Papanatha and Virupaksha temples. The Virupaksha temple is an active house of Hindu worship. Four temples are constructed in the traditional Dravidian style of architecture, with another 4 temples containing elements of Nagara architecture. The remaining two temples are a confluence of both architectural styles.



The Hindu temples are generally dedicated to Shiva, but elements of Vaishnavism and Shaktism theology and legends are also featured. The friezes in the Hindu temples display various Vedic and Puranic concepts, depict stories from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana, as well as elements of other Hindu texts, such as the Panchatantra and the Kiratarjuniya



It is one of UNESCO World Heritage site. It was accorded World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 1987. UNESCO has described Pattadakal as "a harmonious blend of architectural forms from northern and southern India" and an illustration of "eclectic art" at its height.  The monument is a protected site under Indian law and is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).



History
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Temple Complex
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Inscriptions
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Significance
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Connectivity
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Location

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